Summary of Week #2 Readings

     This week's readings focused on the Emergence of Higher Education in the U.S. In chapter one of The American College & University: A History, Frederick Rudolph details the history of the colonial college.  He outlines the development of the first nine colleges - Harvard, Yale, William and Mary, New Jersey at Princeton, Dartmouth, Philadelphia, Rhode Island at Providence, King's, and Queen's. He explains how the purpose and mission of these colleges developed.  Harvard sought to educated clergy men and leaders of society.  Yale hoped to protect the faith of their fathers by educating the future.  New Jersey and other colleges were founded as the result of the Great Awakening and denominational rivalry.
      In chapter two, Rudolph goes on to discuss the origins of the curriculum in these schools.  Early colleges were influenced by English and French movements, specifically the Reformation and the Renaissance. The Revolution was a major turning point in American higher education. He notes that the Revolution caused damage to these schools' purpose and course of study.  In addition, the Revolution lead to more involvement from the state in the higher education. 
     In chapter three, the college movement is highlighted.  During this movement over 200 colleges would emerge.  This movement was fueled by state and denominational rivalry. Also, as a result of this movement, a college education became a social elevator for attendees.
     In chapters seven and eight-teen, Rudolph discussed extra curriculum and athletics.  Both activities subsidized the college experience.  At many schools, extracurricular activities and athletics became recruiting tools.  In addition, these activities often developed unity and increased access into college.